Springboot + SpringCloud + Nacos + OpenFeign + Gateway_gao-max

大大的周 02-07 3702

Springboot + SpringCloud + Nacos + OpenFeign + Gateway

根节点相关依赖

<parent> ? ? <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> ? ? <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> ? ? <version>2.7.8</version> ? ? <relativePath/>  </parent> <dependency> ? ? <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId> ? ? <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId> ? ? <version>2021.0.4.0</version> ? ? <type>pom</type> ? ? <scope>import</scope> </dependency> <dependency> ? ? <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> ? ? <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> ? ? <version>2021.0.5</version> ? ? <type>pom</type> ? ? <scope>import</scope> </dependency> Nacos下载和安装

官网:https://nacos.io/zh-cn/

从GitHub下载对应版本nacos,版本对应关系:

https://github.com/alibaba/spring-cloud-alibaba/wiki/%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E

cmd进入nacos/bin/目录

windows启动指令(单机模式):

startup.cmd -m standalone

以集群模式启动:

startup.cmd

停止运行:

shutdown.cmd

默认端口(集群需要复制多个安装包并修改端口,按实际情况修改):修改文件/conf/application.properties

server.port=8848

访问http://localhost:8848/nacos/index.html 进入服务中心管理页面,用户名和密码默认都为nacos,此时服务列表为空

服务发现(2021.0.4.0)

依赖:

<dependency> ? ? <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> ? ? <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> ? ? <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId> ? ? <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId> </dependency>

在yml配置文件中配置服务中心地址和服务名称(必须),指定该服务端口号

spring: cloud: nacos: #服务中心 server-addr: localhost:8848 #discovery: #集群名称 #cluster-name: USER #命名空间相同命名空间可以互相访问 #namespace: 156727b1-1778-482b-8c20-0321151d660b #ephemeral: false application: name: user-service server: port: 8002

成功启动项目后,管理台会看到该服务已注册到服务列表

指定命名空间后,不同命名空间的服务不能相互访问.

集群指定后,相当于分组,可以相互访问

服务间通信OpenFeign

服务间利用http请求进行通信,可以使用RestTemplate和OpenFeign

OpenFeign比RestTemplate有一定优势

OpenFeign依赖(3.1.5):

<dependency> ? ? <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> ? ? <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId> </dependency>

yml配置:

启动类添加启动Feign注解:

@EnableFeignClients

使用:"user-service"为目的目标服务名称,

@FeignClient("user-service") public interface UserClient { @RequestMapping("/user/{id}") public String getUserById(@PathVariable("id") Long id); }

注入到controller中

@Autowired UserClient userClient; String userById = userClient.getUserById(userId);

feign优化配置(默认使用Urlconnection,无连接池)

日志级别尽量用basic

使用 HttpClient 或 OKHttp 代替 URLConnection

日志打印使用基本配置,使用httpclient或者okhttp,启用连接池

导入httpclient依赖(11.10)

<dependency> ? ? <groupId>io.github.openfeign</groupId> ? ? <artifactId>feign-httpclient</artifactId> </dependency> feign: httpclient: enabled: true max-connections: 200 max-connections-per-route: 50 client: config: default: logger-level: basic

也可以在配置类中指定:

@Bean public Logger.Level logLevel(){ return Logger.Level.BASIC; }

配置(客户端-service-service)负载均衡策略

导入依赖(高版本已移除ribbon)

<dependency> ? ? <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> ? ? <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer</artifactId> </dependency>

创建配置文件

@Configuration @LoadBalancerClients(defaultConfiguration = {NacosConfig.class}) public class NacosConfig { //2021版本已剔除ribbon /** * 配置客户端侧负载均衡规则 service-service */ @Bean public ReactorLoadBalancer<ServiceInstance> specLoadBalancer(Environment environment, LoadBalancerClientFactory loadBalancerClientFactory) { String name = environment.getProperty(LoadBalancerClientFactory.PROPERTY_NAME); return new RoundRobinLoadBalancer(loadBalancerClientFactory.getLazyProvider(name, ServiceInstanceListSupplier.class), name); } } 网关(单独服务)

网关也作为一个微服务需要注册到注册中心,纳入管理,实际项目中可以布置多套网关

依赖:

<dependency> ? ? <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> ? ? <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> ? ? <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> ? ? <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> ? ? <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId> ? ? <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> ? ? <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> ? ? <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer</artifactId> </dependency>

配置端口和服务名称(必须),配置路由和跨域问题相关

server: port: 9000 spring: cloud: nacos: server-addr: localhost:8848 gateway: routes: - id: user-service uri: lb://user-service predicates: - name: Path args: name: Path value: /user/** - id: order-service uri: lb://order-service predicates: - name: Path args: name: Path value: /order/** globalcors: # 跨域问题处理 cors-configurations: '[/**]': #本次跨域检测有效期毫秒 maxAge: 36000 #是否允许携带cookie allowCredentials: true #允许请求携带的头信息 allowed-headers: - "*" #允许哪些网站的跨域请求 allowed-origins: - "http://localhost:8080" #允许的ajax请求方式 allowed-methods: - "GET" - "POST" - "PUT" - "DELETE" - "OPTIONS" #解决options请求被拦截问题 add-to-simple-url-handler-mapping: true application: name: gateway-service

路由配置或者为

gateway: routes: - id: user-service uri: lb://user-service predicates: - Path=/user/** - id: order-service uri: lb://order-service predicates: - Path=/order/**

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断言工厂相关说明(简写方式)

predicates: - Path=/provider/hello/** #断言：路径相匹配进行路由 - Before=2021-08-25T12:53:46.101+08:00[Asia/Shanghai] #匹配这个时间之前的请求 - After=2021-08-25T12:53:46.101+08:00[Asia/Shanghai] #匹配这个时间之后的请求 - Between=2021-08-25T12:53:46.101+08:00[Asia/Shanghai],2021-09-25T12:53:46.101+08:00[Asia/Shanghai] #匹配这个两个时间的请求 - Cookie=username,zzyy - Header=X-Request-Id,\d+ #请求头要有 X-Request-Id 属性并且值为整数的正则表达式 - Host=**.atguigu.com - Method=GET #请求方式是 GET - Query=username,\d+ #要有参数名 username 并且值还要是证书才能路由

因为网关实际上也是通过http和其他微服务通信,也可以配置负载均衡规则(service-service)

@Configuration @LoadBalancerClients(defaultConfiguration = GatewayConfig.class) public class GatewayConfig { @Bean public ReactorLoadBalancer<ServiceInstance> specLoadBalancer(Environment environment, LoadBalancerClientFactory loadBalancerClientFactory) { String name = environment.getProperty(LoadBalancerClientFactory.PROPERTY_NAME); return new RoundRobinLoadBalancer(loadBalancerClientFactory.getLazyProvider(name, ServiceInstanceListSupplier.class), name); } }

其他功能:过滤

yml中配置默认过滤default-filters

或配置全局过滤器,可以指定order

@Component public class GatewayFilter implements GlobalFilter { @Override public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) { ServerHttpRequest request = exchange.getRequest(); ServerHttpResponse response = exchange.getResponse(); log.info("gateway" + request.getURI().toString()); return chain.filter(exchange); } }