Gitlab----Pipline流水线语法only、except、rules、workflow_redrose2100_gitlab流水线

未知 02-07 7570

【原文链接】一、基础语法 only：定义哪些分支和标签的git项目会被执行jobexcept：定义哪些分支和标签的git项目将不会被job执行rules：允许按照顺序评估规则，知道匹配到并未作业动态提供属性workflow 注意：only和except逐渐被抛弃，后续推荐的是使用rules 二、实例演示

yaml文件如下：

before_script: - echo "script in global before script..." after_script: - echo "script in global after script..." variables: USERNAME: redrose2100 PASSWORD: admin123 workflow: rules: - if: '$USERNAME == "redrose2100"' when: always - when: never stages: - build - test - release - deploy - verify setup: stage: .pre script: - echo "script in pre..." tags: - docker_in_docker_demo teardown: stage: .post script: - echo "script in post..." tags: - docker_in_docker_demo build: stage: build before_script: - echo "before script in build..." - echo $USERNAME - echo $PASSWORD script: - echo "script in build..." after_script: - echo "after script in build..." tags: - docker_in_docker_demo rules: - if: '$USERNAME == "redrose2100"' when: manual - if: '$USERNAME == "redrose2200"' when: delayed start_in: "5" - when: on_success test: stage: test before_script: - echo "before script in test..." script: - echo "script in test..." tags: - docker_in_docker_demo rules: - changes: - Dockerfile when: manual allow_failure: true parallel: 5 release: stage: release script: - echo "script in release..." after_script: - echo "after in release..." only: - tags tags: - docker_in_docker_demo when: delayed start_in: "10" deploy: stage: deploy script: - echo "script in deploy..." tags: - docker_in_docker_demo when: manual verify: stage: verify script: echo "in verify" retry: 2 tags: - docker_in_docker_demo verify-2: stage: verify script: echo "in verify-2" retry: max: 2 when: - script_failure tags: - docker_in_docker_demo timeout: 3s only: - /^dev.*$/ except: - branches

执行结果如下所示：

三、流水线语法详细解读 3.1 only

可用的关键字有，only是指定的执行如下，将release步骤使用only指定只有打标签的时候才会执行

release: stage: release script: - echo "script in release..." after_script: - echo "after in release..." only: - tags tags: - docker_in_docker_demo when: delayed start_in: "10"

当提交代码后，可以看到这里已经没有release步骤了

3.2 except

可用的关键字，except是指定的不执行，和only相反 except可以单独指定不执行的标签或分支，也可以和only一起组合使用，如下，即表示只有以dev开头的分支才会执行

verify-2: stage: verify script: echo "in verify-2" retry: max: 2 when: - script_failure tags: - docker_in_docker_demo timeout: 3s only: - /^dev.*$/ except: - branches

这里因为只有main分支，所有不会执行此步骤，如下：

3.3 rules

rules允许按顺序评估单个规则，直到匹配并未作业动态提供属性注意rules不能与only、except组合使用

rules可用的规则：

if ：如果条件匹配changes：指定文件发生变化exists：指定文件存在

如下，使用if语句判断变量USERNAME的值，当是redrose2100时就手动执行，当是redrose2200时就延迟执行，其他情况就是默认之前步骤都成功的时候再执行

build: stage: build before_script: - echo "before script in build..." - echo $USERNAME - echo $PASSWORD script: - echo "script in build..." after_script: - echo "after script in build..." tags: - docker_in_docker_demo rules: - if: '$USERNAME == "redrose2100"' when: manual - if: '$USERNAME == "redrose2200"' when: delayed start_in: "5" - when: on_success

如下为判断文件是否有修改的，判断Dockerfile是否有修改，如果有修改则手动执行，如果没有修改，则此步骤不执行

test: stage: test before_script: - echo "before script in test..." script: - echo "script in test..." tags: - docker_in_docker_demo rules: - changes: - Dockerfile when: manual allow_failure: true parallel: 5 3.4 workflow

顶级workflow关键字适用于整个管道，并将确定是否创建管道如下，当USERNAME的值为redrose2100时，此时会执行所有的Job，当USERNAME的值修改一下比如redrose2200时，此时整个工作流都不会执行，即没有任何操作，这就是workflow的作用

variables: USERNAME: redrose2100 PASSWORD: admin123 workflow: rules: - if: '$USERNAME == "redrose2100"' when: always - when: never