解决：ORA-01034: ORACLE not available问题_攻城丶狮_ora-01034 oracle不可用

大大的周 02-07 3677

1 先看oracle的监听和oracle的服务是否都启动了。启动oracle监听： cmd的命令行窗口下，输入lsnrctl start，回车即启动监听。 2 查看oracle的sid叫什么，比如创建数据库的时候，实例名叫“orcl”，那么先手工设置一下oralce的sid，cmd命令窗口中，set ORACLE_SID=orcl 3 再输入sqlplus /nolog,回车再输入 conn / as sysdba;回车 4 再输入startup，回车.这步是启动oracle服务。如果startup启动被告知已经启动了，可以先输入shutdown immediate；等shutdown结束之后，再输入startup。 5 过几秒钟等命令运行完成，就能连接了。这个时候，可以输入"select * from user_tables;"测试一下，看是否有查询结果。 6 出现ORA-01034和ORA-27101的原因是多方面的：主要是oracle当前的服务不可用，shared memory realm does not exist，是因为oracle没有启动或没有正常启动，共享内存并没有分配给当前实例.所以，通过设置实例名，再用操作系统身份验证的方式，启动数据库。这样数据库就正常启动了，就不会报ORA-01034和ORA-27101两个启动异常了。

今天在测试库上遇到了ORA-27101的错误，当通过客户端连接到db时返回如下： [oracle@bluerin admin]$ sqlplus system/oracle@test SQL*Plus: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Tue Aug 10 11:05:04 2010 Copyright ? 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved. ERROR: ORA-01034: ORACLE not available ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not exist Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory Process ID: 0 Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0 对于这个问题第一印象，可能会觉得没有足够的内存空间，来创建共享内存段 1.首先检查内核参数设置以及alert.log 文件 fs.file-max = 6553600 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 4194304 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 查看后都没有问题，主机有足够的内存，数据库也已经在启动状态： SQL> select open_mode from v$database; OPEN_MODE

READ WRITE 2.之后发现在报错之后，继续输入用户名和密码确可以登陆 Enter user-name: system Enter password: Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.1.0.6.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL> 3.查看sqlnet.log日志 [oracle@bluerin log]$ pwd /u01/app/product/11.1.0/db_1/network/log [oracle@bluerin log]$ cat sqlnet.log Directory does not exist for read/write [/u01/app/product/11.1.0/db_1/log] [/u01/app/product/11.1.0/db_1/log/diag/clients]

Fatal NI connect error 12541, connecting to: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=10.201.1.134)(PORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=Oracle8)(CID=(PROGRAM=java@localhost)(HOST=localhost)(USER=oracle)))) VERSION INFORMATION: TNS for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production TCP/IP NT Protocol Adapter for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production Time: 05-AUG-2010 18:30:51 Tracing not turned on. Tns error struct: ns main err code: 12541 TNS-12541: TNS:no listener ns secondary err code: 12560 nt main err code: 511 TNS-00511: No listener nt secondary err code: 111 nt OS err code: 0

提示找不到listener… 4.检查listener是否配置正确 [oracle@bluerin alert]$ cat /u01/app/product/11.1.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/product/11.1.0/db_1//network/admin/listener.ora # Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER = (SID_LIST = (SID_DESC = (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/product/11.1.0/db_1) (SID_NAME = siebtest) ) ) LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.201.1.134)(PORT = 1521)) ) [oracle@bluerin ~]$ tnsping test Used parameter files: /u01/app/product/11.1.0/db_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.201.1.134)(PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = siebtest))) OK (0 msec) listener 配置没有问题。。。 5.由于实例已经在启动的状态，这时候考虑到实例注册的问题 SQL> show parameter local_listener NAME TYPE VALUE

local_listener string 发现local_listener没有值。。。。。 6.设置local_listener参数 SQL> alter system set local_listener=’(ADDRESS =(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=10.201.1.134)(PORT=1521)(SID=siebtest))’;

System altered.

SQL> alter system register;

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.1.0.6.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL>

总结：如果LOCAL_LISTENER丢失，会导致自动实例注册失败，数据库实例不会识别Listener,当Listener连接数据库实例的时候，由于Listener没有注册，导致了 ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not exist.